Zakat aur us k masail..

Zakat ki farziyat aur ahmiyat:

Hadees mai islam k jo 5 arkaan bayan huwe hain un mai se aik zakat bhi hai...Quran-e-kareem mai jagah jagah namaz ki adaigi k saath hi zakat ka hukam aya hai

واقيموا الصلوة واتوا لزكوة

Aur namaz qaim kero aur zakat diya kero..
jis se maloom hota hai k islami faraiz mai sab se muqaddam namaz hai aur us k baad zakat hai..Quran-o-sunnat aur ijma-e-ummat k mutabiq jis shakhs mai sharait-e-zakat pai jayein..zakat us per ferz hai..jo is k ferz honay se inkar keray wo kafir hai aur jo is ko ferz samjhay aur phir bhi zakat ada na keray wo fasiq aur gunah gaar hai...
Zakat ada kerna ka matlab sirf zakat nikalna nahi hai balkay is ko mustahiq tak pohanchana hai..beghair tehqeeq k kisi ko raqam denay se zakat ada nahi hoti...

Zakat ada na kernay per waeid:

Quran-e-kareem mai irshad hai:

وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلاَ يُنفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ (التوبة: 34).
يَوْمَ يُحْمَى عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ هَذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ ِلأَنفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ
(التوبة: 35

"jo log sona chandi jama ker k rakhtay hain aur ussay Allah ki raah mai kharch nahi kertay...pas unhein derdnaak azab ki khabar de do..jo kus din waqay ho gi ,jab k is sonay chandi ko pehlay dozakh ki aag mai tapaya jaye ga..phir is sonay chandi se in logon ki peshaniyoun in ki kerwaton aur pshton ko dagha jaye ga..k ye wohi hai jis ko tum ne apni khatir jama ker rakha tha,bas ab jama kernay ka maza chakho"

Huzoor s.a.w ne fermaya:

"jis ko Allah ne maal diya aur us ne zakat ada na ki to qayamat k din is k maal ko aik bara zehrila ganja saanp bana ker is k garden mai lapaita jaye ga.phir wo us k donon jabray(jaws) nochay ga aur kahay ga mai hi tera maal hoon,mai hi tera khazana hoon"

(sahi bukhari jeem-alif-saad 188)

Zakat kis qisam k maal per ferz hai:

Her maal per zakat nahi hoti balkay sirf us maal per hai jo adatan berhata rehta hai..jaisay maal-e-tijarat,Maweshi aur sona chandi chahay wo kisi bhi shakal mai ho..sher'an mal-e-tijarat mai ata hai isi liye us per zakat ferz hoti hai..
amwal ki in teen qismon k ilawa..makan dukan bertan furniture,doosra gharailoo saman,milon aur kaarkhanon ki machinary,jawaharaat khawa kitni qeemat k hon un per zakat ferz nahi hai..albatta koi shakhs jo in cheezon ka karobaar kerta ho to us per zakat ferz hai.

Doosri baat ye k maal ka malik hotay hi zakat ferz nahi ho jati balkay jab maal per poora saal guzer jaye to kharch kernay k baad agar itna maal bach jaye jo nisab k zumray mai aa jaye to us per zakat ferz ho gi..agar kisi shakhs ne saal bhar mai poora maal kharch ker dala to us per zakat nahi ho gi..is k ilawa zarai zameen aur baghat per bhi zakat hai agar zameen baraani ho to 10waan hissa aur agar nehri ya chahi ho to beeswan hissa..

Zakat ka nisab :

1)Sonay ka nisab 7 -1/2 (sarhay saat tolay) aur chandi ka 52-1/2(sarhay bawan tolay) hai jis shakhs k paas itna sona ya chandi ya in ki qeemat k braber rupiya/naqd raqam ya mal-e-tijarat moujood ho us per zakat ferz ho jati hai..Is se ziada agar ho to bhi zakat ferz ho gi..is se kam per zakat nahi hai.zakat maal ka 40wan hissa yani 2-1/2 % hai.

2) Kisi k paas na to sonay ki poori miqdaar hai na chandi ki na hi rupay ki...balkay in teenon mai se ya do mai se thora thora moujood hai...to kul mila ker dekha jaye ga k zakat ka nisab banta hai ya nahi..agar kul mila ker ye raqam 52-1/2 tolay chandi ki qeemat tak pohanch jati hai to zakat ferz ho jati hai aur agar nahi pohanchta to zakat ferz nahi hoti...agar sona ya chandi milawat wala hai to ghalib juzv(yani jis ki miqdaar ziada ho) ka aitebar kiya jaye ga...(yani us k mutabiq zakat ada ki jaye gi) ..albatta agar kisi zewar mai 3 masha sona aur 9 masha khot hai isi terah kisi zewar mai 3 masha chandi hai aur 9 masha khot hai to us ko sona ya chandi tassavur nahi kiya jaye ga..na hi un per zakat ho gi siwaye is k agar us ko tijarat k niyyat se rakha gaya ho.aur agar donon ka nisab poora hai to elhda elehda zakat di jaye gi..

3)Koi shakhs sahib-e-nisab tha aur us k maal per islami saal poora honay se kuch roz qabl (khawa aik ya do roz pehlay)us ko mazeed maal mil gaya to us ko pooray maal per zakat ada kerni ho gi..(jaisay kisi k paas 52-1/2 tolay chandi thi to saal poora honay se pehlay us k paas 2 tolay chandi aur aa gai to ab wo baad mai anay wali chandi per bhi zakat ada keray ga us ka saal poora honay ka intezar nahi keray ga..isi terah agar pehlay chandi ka nisab poora tha aur baad mai char tolay sona bhi mil gaya to wo sonay ki zakat chandi ki qeemat per ada keray ga aur saray maal per zakat ho gi...isi terah agar chandi ka nisab poora tha aur kuch roz qabal 9/10 tolay sona bhi mil gaya to donon per poori poori zakat ada ki jaye gi..naqd rupay k baray mai bhi yahi hukam hai..

4)Agar kisi k paas kai makan hon aur un ko kiraye per chalata ho to un makanon ki qeemat per zakat ferz nahi albatta kiraye se hasil honay wali raqam agar ba qadr-e-nisab ho to us per saal k baad zakat ferz ho gi..ya agar koi shakhs pehlay se sahib-e-nisab hai to saal k akhir mai kiraye se bach janay wali raqam bhi zakat mai shamil ho gi..isi terah kaarkhanay aur milon mai istimal honay wali machines per zakat nahi hai..per in mai tayyar honay walay maal per zakat hai..isi terah jo kham maal mill mai saman tayyar kernay k liye rakha ho to kham maal aur tayyar shuda maal sab ki qeemat laga ker us per zakat ada kerni ho gi...aur isi terah agar koi shakhs kiraye per koi saman deta ho maslan cycles,shamiyanay weghaira to un ki qeemat per zakat nahi ho gi per kiraye per ho gi..

5)Mills aur companies mai jo shares hotay hain un mai machinary,jagah aur furniture ki bhi lagat shamil hoti hai..is liye company se pooch ker utnay % raqam ker k baqi raqam per zakat ho gi..aur ye raqam moujooda waqt k shares ki qeemat k mutabiq ada ki jaye gi..


6) agar koi shakhs sahib-e-nisab hai aur us per utna hi qarz bhi hai to chahay poora saal guzer jaye us per zakat ferz nahi ho gi...aur agar koi shakhs sahib-e-nisab hai aur qarzdaar bhi laikin qarz ki raqam ada kernay k baad bhi us k paas raqam baqi rehti hai to baqi bachnay wali raqam per zakat lagoo hoti hai..

7) Isi terah agar khareedtay waqt saman farokht kernay ki niyyat na thi aur baad mai niyyat ho gai aur maal farokht na huwa to us per zakat nahi...haan agar farokht shuroo ho gai to us waqt se tajarti maal kehlaye ga aur saal bhar baad is per zakat lagoo ho gi..

8) Maaldaar shakhs agar kai saal ki peshgi zakat bhi de de to jaiz hai albatta agar kisi saal maal berh gaya to berhay huwe maal ki elehda zakat deni ho gi..aur agar kahin se maal milnay ki umeed ho to us ki zakat pehlay se ada kernay se zakat nahi ho gi ..jab maal mil jaye aur us per poora saal guzer jaye to doobara zakat dena ferz hai..

9) Agar maal per saal poora ho gaya tha aur abhi zakat nahi di thi k maal chori ho gaya to zakat maaf ho gai..laikin saal poora honay se pehlay apni merzi se maal kisi ko de diya ya zaya ker diya to zakat maaf nahi ho gi..agar adha maal chori huwa to baqi adhay per zakat ho gi....isi terah saal poora honay per agar kisi ne zakat ki niyat k beghair maal sadqa ker diya to zakat maaf ho gai..aur agar adha maal sadqa kiya to baqi adhay per zakat ho gi..

10) agar koi sahib-e-nisab ho aur wo naqd raqam sona ya chandi qarz mai kisi ko de de aur us ki qeemat us ko saal baad do saal baad ya teen saal baad milay to wasool honay per pichlay tamam salon ki zakat deni ho gi laikin yak musht wasool na ho to to jab nisab ka 20% wasool ho jaye to sirf is usi 20% ki zakat ho gi laikin ye zakat pooray salon ki nikali jaye gi..
b)doosri soorat ye k na wo naqd raqam ho na sona chani na mal-e-tijarat..maslan pehananay k kapray ya ghar ka saman aur ye nisab k mutabiq hai aur kai saal baad wasool huwi hai aur yakmusht wasool huwi hai to is per pichlay salon ki bhi zakat ho gi laikin agar yukmusht mosool nahi huwi to us waqt tak zakat nahi hai jab tak k ye raqam nisab k mutabiq na mosool ho jaye.. jab nisab k mutabiq mossol ho jaye to phir pichlay tamam salon ki zakat ho gi..aur agar aap pehlay se sahib-e-nisab hain to jitni raqam milti jaye gi wo shamil ho ker nisab ka hissa banti jaye gi aur un sab per zakat ho gi..

c)aur agar ooper wali koi bhi qisam nahi hai aur kisi aur tareeqay se qarz doosray k zimma ho gaya..jaisay shohar ne mehar dena hai...aurat ne khula ka badal dena hai,ya diyyat ya kisi mulazim ki tankhawa hai to is ka hisab wasool honay walay din se ho ga(yani wasool honay walay din se aik saal shumar kia jaye ga) pichlay salon ki zakat ferz nahi ho gi..

Zakat ki adaigi k liye niyyat:

Zakat ki adaigi k liye niyyat ferz hai...dil mai niyyat ker lein zaban se na kehna behter hai..agar pehlay niyyat nahi ki aur maal abhi nadar k paas hai to bhi niyyat ker lein to darust ho ga..laikin agar maal kharch ho gaya to us k baad niyyat kernay se zakat ada nahi ho gi..agar pehlay se zakat k paisa nikal ker rakhay hain aur detay waqt niyyat na ki to bhi zakat ho jaye gi..isi terah agar kisi ne qarz manag aur wo muflis hai maloom hai qarz ada nahi ker sakta to us ko zakat ki niyyat se raqam denay se zakat ada ho jaye gi..isi terah tohfa ya inam kisi mustahiq ko detay waqt agar ye niyyat ker li k ye zakat hai to bhi zakat ada ho jaye gi..aur agar koi mustahiq aap ka maqrroz hai to aap us ko qarz zakat ki niyyat k saath maaf nahi ker saktay..albatta agar qarz detay waqt zakat ki niyyat kernay se zakat ada ho jati hai ..

Zakat ada kernay ka tareeqa:

Zakat ada kernay k liye zaroori hai k mustahiq ko zakat ki raqam ya cheez malikana haqooq k saath de di jaye..

a)kisi ko khidmat k moawazay mai zakat nahi di ja sakti
b)isi terah kisi ko bitha ker khana khilnay se bhi zakat nahi hoti..jab tak us ko khanay ka malik na bana diya jaye..
c)masjid khaankah shifa khanay.kunwein,pul ya kisi aur rifahi idaray ki tameer mai bhi zakat nahi di ja sakti..
d)isi terah zakat ki raqam se kitabein kharid ker kisi madrasssay ko de dena zameen khareed ker rifah k kamon k liye denay se bhi zakat ada nahi hoti..jab tak wo mutahiq ko malikna haqooq se cheez na de dein..
e)zakat ki raqam se makanat bana ker mustahiqeen ko muft rehnay k liye denay se bhi zakat ada na ho gi jab tak k un ko makan ka malik na bana diya jaye..
so aisi koi bhi jagah,madrassa ya shifa khana jahan per mustahiqeen ko malikana haqooq se cheezein na di jati hon wahan zakat denay se zakat ada nahi ho gi..

Zakat kin logon ko dena jaiz hai:

1) jo shakhs sahib-e-nisab ko us ko zakat dena jaiz nahi hai
2)isi terah jis k paas itni hi qeemat ka koi maal ho jo maal-e-tijarat to nahi per zaroorat se ziada ho to aisay shakhs ko bhi zakat nahi di sakti agar ch wo khud us per zakat ferz nahi hai..(jaisay degein..shamiyanay(tents) aur deriyan weghaira ye zaroorat se zayeed saman hai..
3)Rehaish ka makan,kapray khidmatgaar aur mulazim ya ghar ka wo saman jo akser istimal mai rehta ho khawa kitna hi ziada kyun na ho..is k honay se koi shakhs maaldaar nahi ho sakta..is liye is k malik ko zakat di ja sakti hai..
4) qarzdaar ko agar wo qarza ada kernay k baad sahib-e-nisab na rahay to us ko bhi zakat denay se zakat ada ho jaye gi..
5)Kisi k paas kuch makanaat hain ya aamdani ka koi aur zariya hai laikin ayyal ziada hai aur guzara nahi hota..aur us k paas aisa koi maal nahi jis per zakat ferz hoti ho to us ko zakat dena jaiz hai..
6) na baligh bachon ko agar un ka baap maldaar hai to zakat nahi de saktay..laikin bachay baligh hain aur nadaar hain jab k un ka baap k maaldaar honay k bawajood unhein zakat di sakti hai..aur agar maan maaldaar hai to aur baap maldaar nahi to aisay nabaligh bachon ko bhi zakat di ja sakti hai..
7)Zakat-o-usher sirf muslaman ko hi di ja sakti hai..kafir ko dena darust nahi hai..zakat aur ushr k ilawa aisay doosray sadqaat us kafir ko diye ja saktay hain jo muslim mulk ka bashinda ho..jo kafir kisi ghair muslim mulk ka bashinda ho ussay kisi bhi qism ka sadqa...maslan sadqa-e- fitr nazar kaffarra dena jaiz nahi..

8)Maan baap,daada daadi nana nani,pota,poti,nawasa nawasi ko zakat nahi di ja sakti..na hi shohar bewi ko aur bewi shohar ko zakat de sakti hai.is k ilawa behan, bhai ,khala ,chacha ,mamoon sab ko agar wo zakat k mustahiq hon zakat di ja sakti hai.

9)Banu Hashim ko zakat dena jaiz nahi..Yani wo log jo Hazrat Fatima r.a ki aulad mai se hon..ya alvi hon ya Hazrat Abbas r.a,Hazrat Jaffar r.a ,Hazrat Aqeel ya Haris ibn-e-Muttalib ki aulad se hon..is terah jo sadqa wajib ho maslan nazar,kaffara ushr wo bhi in logon ko nahi diya ja sakta albatta...nafli sadqaat diye ja saktay hain..

(mai ne poori koshish ki hai k zakat se mutalliq tamam masail ko is mazmoon mai aam feham tareeqay se shamil ker liya jaye..phir bhi agar koi tishnagi baqi ho to meri rehnumai zaroor kijiye ga..takay mai us kami ko poora ker sakoon..aur Allah sab se ziada aur behter ilm rakhnay wala hai)